Markets
Man Looking at His Watch
(Getty Images)

Older Americans haven’t returned to work — and they may stay out longer

Millions left the job market early during Covid. That surge has normalized, but the 55 and older group isn’t coming back.

The pandemic scrambled the US labor market in countless ways — from empty offices to the work-from-home shift — but one of the stickiest changes might be the exodus of workers. In early 2020, the labor force participation rate (the share of workers and job seekers out of the total working age population) plunged to a 50-year low, and still hasnt fully recovered to prepandemic levels.

Many workers, across all age groups, left the job market during Covid, whether from health concerns, childcare hurdles, or sheer burnout. But one cohort in particular hasn’t returned to the workforce like others: older Americans.

According to the St. Louis Fed’s analysis, prime-age workers (aged 25-54) have fully bounced back, with their participation rate now even higher than prepandemic levels. Those 55 and older, however, remain about 2 percentage points below their pre-Covid participation rate.

The Great Retirement Boom

Older Americans’ mass exit was first triggered by what economists call “excess retirements.” Over 2 million extra retirees left the workforce during 2020-22, above what demographic trends would have predicted — accounting for more than half of the rise in total retirements during those years, according to Federal Reserve Board researchers.

Many of those early exits came from lower-income workers pushed out by job losses, who ended up relying on expanded unemployment benefits and stimulus checks. At the other end of the spectrum, wealthier baby boomers rode the 2020-21 asset boom — stocks surged and home values jumped nearly 20% — giving many the means to match their mindset to retire sooner.

In fact, however, “excess retirements” had faded by early 2025 toward more normal levels. But broader demographic trends are now the drag: nearly a third of the 55 and older workforce is now 65 or older, as boomers are aging into retirement en masse — while the younger population isn’t growing fast enough to offset it.

2025-08-27-LFPR
Sherwood News

The shift isn’t just pandemic-driven: it’s been building gently for years. The latest New York Fed survey shows Americans’ expectations of working full-time past 62 have fallen from 55% in mid-2015 to 49% in mid-2025. While the reasons aren’t clear — it could be wealth effects, part-time preferences, or simply a rethink of work — the line has been bending lower for at least the past decade.

More Markets

See all Markets
markets

Report: Boeing could unveil 500-jet order from China during Trump’s visit later this month

Shares of Boeing are up nearly 4% on Friday afternoon, following a Bloomberg report that the company could be close to finalizing a deal to sell 500 planes to China.

The deal was first reported in August and would be one of Boeing’s largest ever.

According to Bloomberg’s sources, the deal could be officially unveiled when President Trump travels to China at the end of the month. That trip could be delayed given the war in Iran. The deal, sources say, could still fall apart — similar language to when it was first reported on more than six months ago.

Boeing has been on the outside of the Chinese market, in terms of new orders, since 2019 amid escalating US-China trade tensions.

According to Bloomberg’s sources, the deal could be officially unveiled when President Trump travels to China at the end of the month. That trip could be delayed given the war in Iran. The deal, sources say, could still fall apart — similar language to when it was first reported on more than six months ago.

Boeing has been on the outside of the Chinese market, in terms of new orders, since 2019 amid escalating US-China trade tensions.

markets

Why software shares are withstanding the war jitters

The outbreak of the war in Iran has clearly rattled investors and created a few clear winners — mostly energy stocks — and losers — consumer staples, airlines, and, well, more or else everything else.

But there is one interesting outlier to that Manichaean market dynamic.

Software shares — often the same companies that the market was giving up for dead just a few weeks ago due to overexpectations of an AI-driven disruption — have been holding up remarkably well.

These companies, including Intuit, ServiceNow, Datadog, Snowflake, IBM, Workday, and Oracle, have actually had a pretty decent run since the war started with a combined US-Israeli attack on Iran last weekend.

A new note from RBC Capital’s Rishi Jaluria suggests this isn’t just a fluke. Looking at the performance of software stocks during periods of geopolitical stress and market volatility over the last 10 and 25 years, his team found that software shares appear fairly well insulated when these broader shocks hit. RBC wrote:

“The defensive nature of SaaS models and the mission-critical nature of many core software systems at the enterprise level (e.g., in the absence of mass layoffs that may create seat-based headwinds, geopolitical uncertainty and/or market volatility typically will not cause an enterprise CIO to consider ripping out their ERP, CRM, Cyber systems, etc.”

I briefly got Jaluria on the phone yesterday, and he explained a bit more about why he thinks investors might see software as a decent place to hide out from the current chaos.

“With everything in the Middle East, you have to think about not just oil and gas input prices but also supply chains,” he said. “With software, you’re not really thinking about that.”

In other words, there is no equivalent of a closure of the Strait of Hormuz that software investors have to worry about.

Others suggested that the near-term profitability of these giant software companies — aside from concerns about potential long-term disruption from AI — may look different in the face of the economic uncertainty that seems to be growing with the war, especially after a sell-off that has left them relatively attractively valued.

Mark Moerdler, who covers software stocks for Bernstein Research, says that while the AI worries are clearly real, software companies continue to be highly productive cash cows.

“Everyone is afraid that AI is a massive disruptor, and all these articles you read talk about AI as massive disruptor or the world is ending or whatever,” he said. “You don’t see it in the fundamental numbers of the companies I cover. They are delivering GAAP profits, free cash flow, and they’re good investment ideas.”

Latest Stories

Sherwood Media, LLC produces fresh and unique perspectives on topical financial news and is a fully owned subsidiary of Robinhood Markets, Inc., and any views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of any other Robinhood affiliate, including Robinhood Markets, Inc., Robinhood Financial LLC, Robinhood Securities, LLC, Robinhood Crypto, LLC, or Robinhood Money, LLC.